塞米恩国家公园(Simien Mountains National Park,简称 SMNP)位于埃塞俄比亚北部阿姆哈拉 (Amhara) 区的北甘德 (North Gondar) 地带。公园覆盖了塞米恩山脉 (Simien Mountains) 的核心地貌,其中最著名的山峰是 拉斯·达善(Ras Dashen),海拔约 4,533 米,是埃塞俄比亚最高峰之一。
从地质上看,这里的山体由古老的玄武岩构成,是数百万年火山活动与侵蚀共同作用的结果,形成了高原、悬崖、深谷等壮观地貌。
1969 年公园正式建立,1978 年被列入 联合国教科文组织 (UNESCO) 世界自然遗产 名录,是埃塞俄比亚最重要的自然保护区之一。
随着人类活动的压力、过度放牧和环境变化,塞米恩国家公园长期面临生态挑战。非政府组织和管理机构持续开展保护与可持续旅游倡议,以维护这里独特的自然遗产。
塞米恩山脉以“非洲五大高原景观”而闻名:高原向深谷急剧下降,悬崖峭壁纵横。公园海拔变化极大,不同高度带形成多种植被层次:
此外,这里还有芳香草本植物、耐寒地衣和苔藓类植被,生态非常丰富。
塞米恩国家公园是全球生物多样性热点,许多动物是地方特有:
塞米恩山拥有丰富的鸟类资源,大约 130–200 种。猛禽尤为突出,包括 骨头秃鹫 (Lammergeier),以骨髓为食,是这里生态的象征之一。
由于长期的放牧压力,部分高原草甸曾遭破坏,公园管理机构正努力通过保护方案减少人类干扰。
徒步是体验塞米恩最核心的方式。常见路线如下:
徒步过程中建议租用骡子搬运行李,特别是高海拔路段。最佳访问时间为每年的 10 月至次年 4 月(旱季),天气较稳定,视野更佳。
塞米恩山的责任旅行尤为关键。官方建议遵守“黄金守则”:
mulugeta ababu Simien mountains national park is One of the most dramatic national park in Ethiopia that recognized by UNESCO as a natural world heritage sites.
Melissa Schimanek It’s a beautiful national park. But DO NOT go there during the rainy season as the chances that you will see anything except for fog are slim. Our tour operator obviously knew that but didn’t tell us that we most probably won’t see anything of the landscape. Be advised, everything is very basic there (unlike other African national parks). Our community camp was a hut with some beds and one table (no toilet, no light, no nothing). It was raining almost all the time. During the summer camping is supposed to be very nice (much cleaner than the community camp). The monkeys are a real highlight! We paid 210€ for three days, which is heavily overpriced considering the basic transportation, accommodations etc. All the tour operators will try to rip you off as much of possible.
Thomas Costermans One of the jewels of Africa. No one realises it but these mountains are more spectacular then any canyon anywhere else in the world. Hiking possible to Ras Dashen - multi day beautiful hikes.
Thomas Riedl Beautiful place, definitely a highlight of our Ethiopia trip - make sure to hike to Geech camp and spend the night so you can see the monkeys congregate at sunset at the cliff, once in a lifetime experience!
Miles B. Absolutely unbelievable place - trying physically due to bad sleep because actual trekking is somewhat easy if you are reasonably fit. 230 dollars for 4 days / 3 nights although I’m sure you can get a better price if you negotiate directly at the park office in Debark vs booking to a dodgy hustler somewhere in another town. Board with real daily prices in pics. Views and wildlife are great - can’t miss experience in Ethiopia.